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Termites are far less likely to be assaulted by fleas than bees, wasps and ants, since they're generally well protected in their own mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by a variety of parasites. A few of these include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and also a large number of nematode parasites. Most nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; many others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only takes place when a colony is under great anxiety. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behaviour depends on the form of termite. By way of example, certain species feed on the timber structures that they inhabit, and others harvest food that is near the nest.132 Most workers are seldom found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food sourcethey communicate to other soldiers and a small force of employees starts to emerge. In the second phase, workers appear in large numbers in the site. The third phase is indicated by a drop in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of employees.136 Isolated termite workers may engage in Lvy flight behaviour as an optimised way for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies always ends in agonistic behaviour towards each other, resulting in struggles. These struggles can cause mortality on both sides and, in some situations, the gain or loss of land.138139"Cemetery pits" could be present, in which the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies show that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, some of the termites intentionally block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from different colonies found in exploratory tunnels leads to the isolation of the region and so the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two opponents does not necessarily occur.
Since C. formosanus colonies can get into physical conflict, some termites squeeze closely into foraging tunnels and perish, successfully visit this page blocking the tunnel and ending all of agonistic actions.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens can compete with each other to become the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This battle among the queens contributes to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, with the king, accepts over the colony.145
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Ants and termites can compete with each other for nesting space. In particular, ants that prey on termites normally have a negative effect on arboreal nesting species.146
Most termites are blind, therefore communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These means of communication are employed in an assortment of activities, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, and locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common method of communicating is via antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (which are transmitted when workers are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alert, path and sex pheromones.
Route pheromones are secreted from the sternal gland, and sex pheromones derive from 2 glandular resources: the sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites head out to look for meals, they forage in columns along the ground through vegetation. A trail can be identified from the faecal residue or runways which are covered by items.
When termites construct their nests, they use predominantly indirect communication. No single termite would be in charge of any particular construction job. Individual termites respond rather than think, however at a set level, they exhibit a sort of collective cognition. Specific structures or other items like pellets of columns or soil cause termites to start building.
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The outcome is a self-organised procedure whereby the information that directs termite activity results in changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle allow the recognition of alien species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is Due to genetic and environmental factors like the termites' diet andThe composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been breached or is being assaulted by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Additional methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal my sources gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.